Human Physiology | Module 3 Unit 2 | Calicut University First Semester BSc. Zoology Notes PDF |

 Human Physiology: Calicut University Free Study Material 

Hello everyone! In this study material, I’ve put together notes from Module 3, Unit 2 – Muscular System, from the First Semester B.Sc. Zoology. I’ve made sure the notes are well-organized, exam-oriented, and easy to revise, with simplified explanations of the major physiological concepts. Whether you’re preparing for your internals, semester exams, or just brushing up your basics.

If you find these notes useful, feel free to share them with your friends and classmates, and don’t forget to leave a comment or suggestion if you’d like me to include more diagrams, simplified charts, or extra explanations in future uploads.

What’s Covered in This Study Material?

✅ Types of Muscles:  Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles; their structure, location, and functions

✅ Red and White Muscle Fibres:  Characteristics, adaptations, and energy profiles

✅ Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle: Organization of muscle fibres, myofibrils, sarcomere, and myofilaments

✅ Myofilaments and Muscle Proteins: Actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, and titin filaments

✅ Physiology and Biochemistry of Muscle Contraction: sliding filament theory, role of calcium and ATP

✅ Physiological Changes During Contraction: Electrical, biochemical, and thermal changes

✅ Muscular Relaxation: Mechanism and ionic events involved

✅ Neuromuscular Junction: Structure, acetylcholine release, and impulse transmission

✅ Muscle Twitch, Summation, and Tetanus: Types of muscle responses and their significance

✅ Rigor Mortis: post-mortem muscle stiffness and biochemical basis

✅ Sports Physiology: Aims, benefits, effects of exercise, and recovery mechanisms

✅ Ergonomics: Physical and cognitive aspects of workplace physiology

Why is this Topic Important?

📌 Short answer questions on topics like types of muscles, muscle proteins, red and white fibres, and neuromuscular junction.

📌 Short essays on sliding filament theory, physiological changes during contraction, or muscle twitch.

📌 Long essays on muscle contraction mechanisms, neuromuscular transmission.

📌 Diagram-based questions on sarcomere structure, myofilaments, or muscle contraction sequence.



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